Key Points
Author
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of the greatest poets of the Victorian Era. His poetry often explored themes of human struggles, nature, mythology, and existential questions. In The Lotos-Eaters, Tennyson draws inspiration from Homer’s Odyssey, specifically the episode where Odysseus and his sailors encounter the Lotos-eaters. This poem reflects the sailors’ longing for escape and rest from the struggles of life, a theme that resonates universally.
Form (Rhyme Scheme)
Descriptive Narrative (Lines 1–45):
Written in Spenserian stanzas, consisting of nine lines.
Rhyme Scheme: ABABBCBCC (interconnected and flowing).
Meter: The first eight lines are in iambic pentameter (five beats per line), while the ninth line is an Alexandrine (six beats per line). This structured form mirrors the sailors’ disciplined life before they encounter the Lotos-land.
Choric Song (Lines 46–173):
Composed of eight stanzas of varying length and rhyme schemes.
The structure is freer and more fluid, reflecting the sailors’ hypnotic surrender to the tranquility of the Lotos-land.
This contrast between the structured narrative and the flowing Choric Song mirrors the sailors’ transition from duty to detachment.
Speaker
The poem alternates between two voices:
Third-Person Narrator (Lines 1–45): Describes the sailors’ arrival in the Lotos-land, the beauty of the landscape, and the effect of eating the lotus plant.
Collective Voice of the Sailors (Lines 46–173): In the Choric Song, the sailors speak in unison, expressing their longing to escape from the endless struggles of life and remain in the peaceful Lotos-land.
Setting
The poem is set in the mythical Lotos-land, a dreamlike, timeless place where the natural environment is described as tranquil and hypnotic. Key features of the Lotos-land include:
Lush scenery: Rivers, caves, and hills covered with “spicy downs” and “thick-twined vines.”
A timeless atmosphere: The Lotos-land is a place where “all things always seem’d the same.”
Contrast with the sea: The calm of the Lotos-land contrasts sharply with the sailors’ harsh and chaotic journey on the sea.
Theme
Escapism and Rest:
The poem explores the universal human desire to escape from life’s hardships and find peace in a place of rest and detachment.
Weariness of Life:
The sailors reflect on the struggles and repetitive nature of human existence, questioning its purpose.
Time and Change vs. Timelessness:
The Lotos-land represents a timeless escape, contrasting with the transient and chaotic nature of human life.
Mortality and Immortality:
The sailors long for an existence like that of the gods—eternal, detached, and free from pain and responsibility.
Plot
The poem is divided into two sections:
Descriptive Narrative (Lines 1–45):
The sailors arrive at the Lotos-land after a challenging sea journey.
They encounter the Lotos-eaters, who offer them the magical lotus plant.
Eating the lotus induces a dreamlike state, causing the sailors to lose their desire to return home and perform their duties.
Choric Song (Lines 46–173):
In this lyrical section, the sailors express their yearning to remain in the Lotos-land.
They reflect on the burdens of life, the inevitability of death, and the futility of human effort.
Ultimately, they decide to stay in the Lotos-land, abandoning their responsibilities and embracing the peace of detachment.
Tone
Dreamlike and Hypnotic: The lush descriptions of the Lotos-land create a soothing and otherworldly tone.
Melancholic and Reflective: The sailors lament the struggles of life and the fleeting nature of joy and human connections.
Resolute: By the end of the Choric Song, the sailors are firm in their decision to remain in the Lotos-land.
Style
Rich Imagery: Tennyson uses vivid descriptions to paint the serene, lush landscape of the Lotos-land.
Mythological References: References to the lotus plant, the gods, and Elysian fields root the poem in Greek mythology.
Symbolism: The Lotos-land represents escapism, while the sea symbolizes struggle and chaos.
Musicality: The poem’s flowing rhythm, created by alliteration, repetition, and rhyme, mirrors the hypnotic quality of the Lotos-land.
Contrast: The structured Spenserian stanzas contrast with the freer form of the Choric Song, reflecting the transition from order to surrender.
Message
Tennyson’s The Lotos-Eaters raises questions about the value of ceaseless toil and ambition in life. The poem suggests that rest and reflection are essential, but it also warns of the dangers of complete detachment and escapism. While the Lotos-land offers peace, the sailors’ rejection of their responsibilities raises moral and existential dilemmas. The poem encourages readers to consider the balance between duty and the pursuit of personal peace.
Alfred Lord Tennyson
Early Life
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of the most significant poets of the Victorian era, renowned for his emotional depth and mastery of language. He was born on August 6, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire, England, as the fourth of twelve children in a clergyman’s family. Despite a difficult childhood marked by his father’s struggles with mental health and alcoholism, Tennyson found solace in literature and began writing poetry at a young age.
His passion for poetry led him to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he joined the literary group The Apostles and formed a deep friendship with Arthur Hallam. Hallam’s sudden death in 1833 profoundly influenced Tennyson, inspiring much of his greatest work, including In Memoriam A.H.H.
Major Works and Achievements
Notable Works:
Early Successes:
Poems, Chiefly Lyrical (1830): Showcased his lyrical talent and included early works like “Mariana.”
Poems (1842): Included iconic pieces like The Lady of Shalott and The Lotos-Eaters, solidifying his reputation.
Memorial Poetry:
In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850): A moving elegy written in memory of Arthur Hallam. It explores themes of grief, faith, and the search for meaning, making it one of his masterpieces.
Narrative and Epic Poetry:
Idylls of the King (1859–1885): A cycle of poems retelling the Arthurian legends, reflecting Victorian ideals of heroism and morality.
Other Famous Poems:
The Charge of the Light Brigade (1854): A tribute to soldiers’ bravery during the Crimean War.
Crossing the Bar (1889): A reflective meditation on death and acceptance, often considered his farewell to life.
Style and Themes
Tennyson’s poetry is celebrated for its ability to blend rich imagery, emotional intensity, and philosophical depth.
Musicality: His mastery of rhythm and sound makes his verses melodious and impactful.
Nature: Nature plays a central role in his works, often reflecting human emotions and existential themes.
Classical and Historical References: He frequently drew on Greek mythology, Arthurian legends, and historical events to explore universal truths.
Themes of Loss and Grief: Tennyson’s personal losses, especially Arthur Hallam’s death, deeply influenced his poetry, infusing it with meditations on mortality and faith.
Victorian Ideals and Challenges: His works grapple with the Victorian era’s tensions between tradition and progress, faith and doubt, and individual struggles within a changing world.
Poet Laureate and Honors
Tennyson was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1850, succeeding William Wordsworth. His tenure lasted over 40 years, making him one of the longest-serving laureates. In 1884, he became Baron Tennyson of Aldworth and Freshwater, the first English poet to receive a peerage. His works were widely celebrated for capturing the spirit of the Victorian age while addressing timeless human concerns.
Final Years and Death
Tennyson continued writing until his final years, producing reflective works like Crossing the Bar. He passed away on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83, and was buried in Westminster Abbey’s Poets’ Corner, alongside other literary greats. At his request, Crossing the Bar was placed at the end of his collected works, symbolizing his farewell to life and poetry.
Legacy
Tennyson remains one of the most beloved and studied poets in English literature. His ability to capture the emotional struggles of the individual while addressing universal themes ensures his work’s relevance across generations. His deep understanding of human nature, paired with his technical brilliance, solidifies his place as one of the greatest poets of all time.
Famous Quotes by Tennyson
“‘Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.” (In Memoriam)
“Hope smiles from the threshold of the year to come, whispering, ‘It will be happier.’” (The Foresters)
“Ring out the false, ring in the true.” (In Memoriam)
Impact
Tennyson’s works reflect universal human emotions—grief, hope, faith, and despair—making them timeless. He spoke to the struggles of his era and beyond, providing a bridge between personal experience and collective understanding. His poetry continues to inspire readers, offering beauty, solace, and profound insight into life and death.
Word Meaning
| Tough Word | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
| Stanza1 | ||
| Courage | Bravery; the ability to face fear or danger | साहस; डर या खतरे का सामना करने की क्षमता |
| Mounting | Rising or increasing | चढ़ती हुई; बढ़ती हुई |
| Wave | A moving ridge of water | लहर; पानी की चलती हुई परत |
| Shoreward | Toward the shore | किनारे की ओर; समुद्र या नदी के किनारे की दिशा में |
| Unto | To; archaic form of “to” | तक; “to” का पुराना रूप |
| Languid | Weak or relaxed, lacking energy | सुस्त; ऊर्जा या जोश की कमी |
| Swoon | Faint or feel overwhelmed | बेहोश होना; कमजोर महसूस करना |
| Hath | Has; archaic form | है; “has” का पुराना रूप |
| Weary | Tired or exhausted | थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा |
| Full-faced | Completely visible or rounded | पूरी तरह स्पष्ट; गोल या पूर्ण |
| Valley | A low area of land between hills or mountains | घाटी; पहाड़ों के बीच का नीचा स्थान |
| Slender | Thin or narrow | पतला; संकीर्ण |
| Stream | A small river or flowing water | धारा; बहता हुआ पानी |
| Cliff | A steep, high rock face | चट्टान; ऊंची खड़ी चट्टान |
| Stanza 2 | ||
| Slow-dropping | Falling gently or at a slow pace | धीरे-धीरे गिरता हुआ; धीमी गति से गिरता हुआ |
| Veils | Thin coverings, often used metaphorically | परदे; पतले आवरण |
| Lawn | A type of fine, light fabric or smooth surface | हल्का और महीन कपड़ा या घास का मैदान |
| Wavering | Moving back and forth unsteadily | डगमगाता हुआ; अस्थिर रूप से इधर-उधर होता हुआ |
| Slumbrous | Sleepy or inducing sleep | नींदभरा; जो नींद लाता है |
| Gleaming | Shining brightly | चमकदार; जो तेज चमकता हो |
| Seaward | Toward the sea | समुद्र की ओर; समुद्र की दिशा में |
| Off | At a distance, away from | दूर; हटकर |
| Three | A number after two | तीन; दो के बाद की संख्या |
| Mountain-tops | The highest points of mountains | पहाड़ की चोटियां; पहाड़ों के सबसे ऊंचे बिंदु |
| Pinnacles | High, pointed pieces of rock or mountain | शिखर; ऊंची, नुकीली चट्टान या पर्वत की चोटी |
| Sunset-flush’d | Bathed in the reddish light of the setting sun | सूर्यास्त की लालिमा में नहाया हुआ |
| Dew’d | Covered with dew | ओस से भरा हुआ; ओस की बूंदों से ढका हुआ |
| Showery | Relating to or marked by rain showers | बरसाती; बारिश की फुहारों से संबंधित |
| Drops | Small amounts of liquid | बूंदें; तरल की छोटी मात्रा |
| Up-clomb | Climbed upward (archaic) | ऊपर चढ़ा; (पुराना शब्द) ऊपर की ओर चढ़ना |
| Pine | A type of tree often found in mountainous areas | चीड़ का पेड़; पर्वतीय क्षेत्र में पाया जाने वाला पेड़ |
| Woven | Interlaced or intertwined | बुना हुआ; जो एक साथ गूंथा गया हो |
| Copse | A small group of trees | झुरमुट; पेड़ों का छोटा समूह |
| Stanza 3 | ||
| Charmed | Enchanted or magical | मंत्रमुग्ध; जादुई |
| Linger’d (Lingered) | Stayed for a long time; delayed leaving | ठहर गया; लंबे समय तक रुका |
| Adown | Downward or below (archaic) | नीचे; (पुराना शब्द) नीचे की ओर |
| Clefts | Narrow openings or splits in rock or earth | दरारें; चट्टानों या पृथ्वी में पतली खाई |
| Dale | A valley, especially a broad one | घाटी; विशेष रूप से चौड़ी घाटी |
| Inland | Away from the sea or coast | आंतरिक; समुद्र या तट से दूर |
| Palm | A type of tropical tree with long, feather-like leaves | खजूर का पेड़; लंबे पत्तों वाला उष्णकटिबंधीय पेड़ |
| Winding | Twisting and turning | घुमावदार; मोड़ और मोड़ वाला |
| Vale | A valley (literary term) | घाटी; (साहित्यिक शब्द) |
| Meadow | A field of grass, often with flowers | घास का मैदान; फूलों और घास का क्षेत्र |
| Slender | Thin or narrow | पतला; संकीर्ण |
| Galingale | A type of fragrant plant | गंधपूर्ण पौधा; सुगंधित पौधा |
| Keel | The main structure of a ship | जहाज का आधार; जलयान की मुख्य संरचना |
| Mild-eyed | Having a calm and gentle expression | शांत आंखों वाला; सौम्य दृष्टि वाला |
| Melancholy | A feeling of deep sadness | उदासी; गहरी दुख की भावना |
| Lotos-eaters | Mythical people who eat the lotus plant and live in a dreamy state | लोटस खाने वाले; पौराणिक लोग जो लोटस खाकर स्वप्निल अवस्था में रहते हैं |
| Stanza 4 | ||
| Bore | Carried or held (past tense of “bear”) | ले गए; लेकर चले गए |
| Enchanted | Magical or fascinating | मंत्रमुग्ध; जादुई |
| Laden | Heavily loaded or filled | लदा हुआ; भारी भरा हुआ |
| Whereof | Of which (archaic) | जिसमें; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Whoso | Whoever (archaic) | जो कोई; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Gushing | Flowing out quickly and in large amounts | बहता हुआ; तेजी से और बड़ी मात्रा में निकलना |
| Mourn | Express sorrow or grief | शोक करना; दुःख व्यक्त करना |
| Rave | Speak or act wildly or incoherently | बड़बड़ाना; असंबद्ध रूप से बोलना या व्यवहार करना |
| Alien | Foreign or unfamiliar | विदेशी; अपरिचित |
| Shores | Edges of land next to a sea or river | तट; समुद्र या नदी के किनारे |
| Spake | Spoke (archaic) | बोला; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Grave | A burial place | कब्र; दफन स्थान |
| Deep-asleep | In a deep or profound sleep | गहरी नींद में; पूरी तरह सोया हुआ |
| Stanza 5 | ||
| Shore | The edge of land next to a sea, river, or lake | तट; समुद्र, नदी या झील के किनारे |
| Fatherland | One’s native country | मातृभूमि; अपना जन्मस्थान |
| Slave | A person who is owned or controlled by someone | दास; किसी के नियंत्रण में रहने वाला व्यक्ति |
| Evermore | Forever or always | सदा; हमेशा |
| Weary | Tired or exhausted | थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा |
| Oar | A long pole used to row or propel a boat | चप्पू; नाव को चलाने के लिए उपयोग किया जाने वाला डंडा |
| Wandering | Moving without a fixed direction or purpose | भटकता हुआ; बिना निश्चित दिशा या उद्देश्य के |
| Barren | Unable to produce or empty | बंजर; जो कुछ उत्पन्न नहीं कर सकता |
| Foam | Bubbles formed on the surface of liquid | झाग; तरल की सतह पर बने बुलबुले |
| “We will return no more” | Indicates a decision to not go back | “हम अब वापस नहीं जाएंगे”; वापस न जाने का निर्णय |
| Longer | For more time | अधिक समय तक; लंबे समय तक |
| Roam | Wander without a fixed purpose or direction | भटकना; बिना निश्चित दिशा या उद्देश्य के |
| CHORIC SONG I | ||
| Petals | The colored parts of a flower | पंखुड़ियां; फूल के रंगीन हिस्से |
| Blown | Scattered or dispersed | बिखरी हुई; फैली हुई |
| Night-dews | Moisture that forms on surfaces during the night | रात की ओस; रात में सतह पर बनने वाली नमी |
| Still | Calm, motionless | स्थिर; शांत |
| Granite | A type of hard, gray rock | ग्रेनाइट; कठोर, धूसर चट्टान |
| Gleaming | Shining brightly | चमचमाता; तेज चमकता हुआ |
| Pass | A narrow route through mountains or hills | दर्रा; पहाड़ों या पहाड़ियों के बीच का मार्ग |
| Spirit | The non-physical part of a person, emotions or soul | आत्मा; व्यक्ति का गैर-भौतिक भाग या भावनाएं |
| Tir’d (Tired) | Exhausted or fatigued | थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा |
| Blissful | Extremely happy or peaceful | आनंदमय; अत्यंत सुखद |
| Mosses | Small, soft plants that grow in damp places | काई; गीली जगहों पर उगने वाले छोटे पौधे |
| Ivies | Climbing plants with small, dark green leaves | बेलें; छोटी, गहरी हरी पत्तियों वाली चढ़ने वाली बेलें |
| Creep | Move slowly and quietly | रेंगना; धीरे और चुपचाप चलना |
| Stream | A small river or flow of water | धारा; पानी का छोटा प्रवाह |
| Craggy | Rough, rugged, or steep | खुरदरा; ऊबड़-खाबड़ या खड़ी |
| Ledge | A narrow, flat surface projecting from a wall or cliff | कगार; दीवार या चट्टान से निकला हुआ सतह |
| Poppy | A type of flower, often associated with sleep | खसखस का फूल; एक प्रकार का फूल, जिसे नींद से जोड़ा जाता है |
| CHORIC SONG II | ||
| Weigh’d (Weighed) | Burdened or oppressed | दबा हुआ; भार से दबा हुआ |
| Utterly | Completely or absolutely | पूरी तरह; पूरी तरह से |
| Distress | Extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain | संकट; अत्यधिक चिंता या पीड़ा |
| Weariness | Exhaustion or tiredness | थकावट; थका हुआ |
| Toil | Hard, continuous work | मेहनत; कठिन, निरंतर कार्य |
| Perpetual | Never-ending or continuous | शाश्वत; जो कभी समाप्त न हो |
| Moan | A low sound expressing pain or sorrow | कराह; दर्द या दुख व्यक्त करने वाली धीमी आवाज |
| Sorrow | Deep sadness or grief | दुख; गहरा शोक |
| Cease | To stop or end | बंद करना; समाप्त करना |
| Wanderings | Roaming or traveling without purpose | भटकाव; उद्देश्यहीन यात्रा |
| Steep | Soak or immerse | डुबाना; भिगोना |
| Slumber’s | Related to sleep | नींद का; नींद से संबंधित |
| Holy | Sacred or divine | पवित्र; धार्मिक |
| Balm | Something that soothes or heals | मरहम; राहत देने या ठीक करने वाला |
| Harken (Hearken) | To listen carefully | ध्यान से सुनना; सुनने के लिए ध्यान देना |
| CHORIC SONG III | ||
| Lo | An expression to draw attention, meaning “look” or “see” | देखो; ध्यान आकर्षित करने के लिए उपयोग किया गया शब्द |
| Woo’d (Wooed) | Attracted or invited (archaic) | लुभाया गया; आकर्षित किया गया |
| Bud | A small growth on a plant that develops into a leaf or flower | कली; पौधे पर पत्ते या फूल का प्रारंभिक विकास |
| Sun-steep’d (Sun-steeped) | Bathed in sunlight | सूरज से भिगा हुआ; धूप से नहाया हुआ |
| Dew-fed | Nourished by dew | ओस से पोषित; ओस से सींचा गया |
| Floats | Hangs or moves lightly in the air | तैरता है; हवा में हल्का होकर चलता है |
| Adown | Downward or below (archaic) | नीचे की ओर; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Sweeten’d (Sweetened) | Made sweeter or more pleasant | मधुर; और अधिक सुखद बनाया गया |
| Full-juiced | Fully ripe and filled with juice | रस से भरा हुआ; पूरी तरह पका हुआ |
| Waxing | Becoming larger or more developed | बढ़ता हुआ; और अधिक विकसित होता हुआ |
| Over-mellow | Extremely soft, ripe, and sweet | अति-नरम; बहुत ही पका और मीठा |
| Autumn | The season between summer and winter | पतझड़; गर्मी और सर्दी के बीच का मौसम |
| Hath (Has) | Possesses or owns (archaic) | है; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Toil | Hard, continuous work | मेहनत; कठिन, निरंतर काम |
| Fast-rooted | Firmly fixed in the ground | मजबूती से जड़ा हुआ; जमीन में अच्छी तरह लगा हुआ |
| Fruitful | Producing good results or fruit | फलदायी; अच्छे परिणाम या फल देने वाला |
| CHORIC SONG IV | ||
| Vaulted | Arched or curved | मेहराबदार; झुका हुआ |
| O’er (Over) | Above or higher than | के ऊपर; से ऊंचा |
| Driveth (Drives) | Pushes or forces forward (archaic) | चलाता है; आगे बढ़ाता है (पुराना शब्द) |
| Dumb | Silent or unable to speak | मूक; बोलने में असमर्थ |
| Dreadful | Terrible or frightening | भयावह; भयानक |
| Ripen | To become mature or fully developed | पकना; परिपक्व होना |
| CHORIC SONG V | ||
| Half-shut | Partially closed | आधा बंद; आंशिक रूप से बंद |
| Half-dream | A state between waking and dreaming | अर्ध-सपना; जागने और सपने के बीच की अवस्था |
| Yonder | Referring to something at a distance (archaic) | वह; दूर की चीज को संदर्भित करता है |
| Amber | A golden-yellow color | सुनहरा पीला; एक स्वर्ण-पीला रंग |
| Myrrh-bush | A type of fragrant plant | गंधपूर्ण पौधा; सुगंधित पौधा |
| Whisper’d (Whispered) | Spoken in a soft or low voice | फुसफुसाया हुआ; धीमी या कोमल आवाज में कहा गया |
| Lotos | A mythical plant inducing forgetfulness | लोटस; एक पौराणिक पौधा जो विस्मृति लाता है |
| Crisping | Curling or rippling | घुमावदार; लहरदार |
| Ripples | Small waves on the surface of water | तरंगें; पानी की सतह पर छोटी लहरें |
| Tender | Gentle or soft | कोमल; नरम |
| Curving | Bending smoothly | मुड़ना; चिकनी घुमावदार |
| Lend | To give temporarily | देना; अस्थायी रूप से देना |
| Wholly | Completely | पूरी तरह; संपूर्ण रूप से |
| Mild-minded | Gentle and calm in temperament | सौम्य विचारों वाला; शांत स्वभाव वाला |
| Melancholy | A feeling of sadness | उदासी; दुख |
| Muse | To think deeply | गहराई से सोचना; चिंतन करना |
| Brood | To dwell on or think deeply, often with sadness | चिंतन करना; अक्सर उदासी के साथ गहराई से विचार करना |
| Infancy | The state of being a baby | शैशव; बच्चे की अवस्था |
| Heap’d (Heaped) | Piled up | ढेर; एकत्र किया हुआ |
| Mound | A small hill or raised area | टीला; एक छोटा ऊंचा स्थान |
| Urn | A container, often for storing ashes | कलश; राख रखने का पात्र |
| Brass | A metal alloy of copper and zinc | पीतल; तांबा और जस्ता का मिश्रण |
| CHORIC SONG VI | ||
| Wedded | Married | विवाहित; शादीशुदा |
| Embraces | Acts of hugging or holding | आलिंगन; गले लगाना |
| Hath (Has) | Possesses or owns (archaic) | है; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Suffer’d (Suffered) | Experienced pain or hardship | झेला; पीड़ा या कठिनाई अनुभव किया |
| Household | Relating to a home or family | घरेलू; घर या परिवार से संबंधित |
| Hearths | The floors of fireplaces, symbolizing home and warmth | चूल्हे; घर और गर्मजोशी का प्रतीक |
| Inherit | Receive from a predecessor | विरासत में लेना; पहले के व्यक्ति से प्राप्त करना |
| Over-bold | Too daring or reckless | अत्यधिक साहसी; बहुत अधिक जोखिम लेने वाला |
| Substance | Material or wealth | संपत्ति; सामग्री |
| Minstrel | A singer or poet, especially in historical times | भाट; ऐतिहासिक समय में गायक या कवि |
| Troy | An ancient city from Greek mythology | ट्रॉय; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं का प्राचीन शहर |
| Deeds | Actions or achievements | कर्म; कार्य या उपलब्धियां |
| Half-forgotten | Only partially remembered | आधा भुला दिया गया; आंशिक रूप से याद |
| Isle | An island | द्वीप; पानी से घिरा हुआ क्षेत्र |
| Reconcile | Restore harmony or settle | सुलह करना; सामंजस्य स्थापित करना |
| Sore | Painful or aching | पीड़ादायक; दर्द से भरा |
| Task | A piece of work or duty | कार्य; काम |
| Worn | Exhausted or used up | थका हुआ; समाप्त |
| Grown | Increased or developed | बढ़ा हुआ; विकसित |
| Dim | Lacking clarity or brightness | धुंधला; अस्पष्ट |
| Gazing | Looking steadily | घूरना; स्थिर रूप से देखना |
| Pilot-stars | Stars used for navigation | दिशा निर्धारण के लिए सितारे |
| CHORIC SONG VII | ||
| Propt (Propped) | Supported or rested against something | सहारा दिया हुआ; किसी चीज के खिलाफ टिकाया हुआ |
| Amaranth | A mythical flower that never fades | अमरनाथ; एक पौराणिक फूल जो कभी मुरझाता नहीं |
| Moly | A mythical herb mentioned in Greek mythology | मोलि; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं में वर्णित एक जादुई जड़ी-बूटी |
| Lull | To soothe or calm | शांत करना; सुकून देना |
| Half-dropt (Half-dropped) | Partially closed | आधा गिरा हुआ; आंशिक रूप से बंद |
| Dewy | Covered with dew or fresh | ओस से भरा; ताजा |
| Echoes | Repeated sounds | गूंज; बार-बार सुनाई देने वाली आवाज |
| Cave | A hollow space in the ground or rock | गुफा; चट्टान या जमीन में खोखला स्थान |
| Thro’ (Through) | Moving in one side and out the other side | के माध्यम से; एक ओर से दूसरी ओर |
| Thick-twined | Densely intertwined | घना गुंथा हुआ; सघनता से गुंथा हुआ |
| Vine | A climbing plant | बेल; चढ़ने वाला पौधा |
| Emerald-colour’d | Green like the gemstone emerald | पन्ना रंग का; पन्ने की तरह हरा |
| Wov’n (Woven) | Interlaced or intertwined | बुना हुआ; एक साथ गूंथा हुआ |
| Acanthus | A type of plant with spiny leaves | एक प्रकार का पौधा; कांटेदार पत्तियों वाला |
| Wreath | A circular arrangement of flowers or leaves | माला; फूलों या पत्तियों का घेरा |
| Far-off | At a great distance | दूरस्थ; बहुत दूरी पर |
| Sparkling | Shining or glittering | चमचमाता; जगमगाता |
| Brine | Saltwater, often referring to the sea | खारा पानी; समुद्र का पानी |
| Pine | A type of tree | चीड़ का पेड़; एक प्रकार का वृक्ष |
| CHORIC SONG VIII | ||
| Blooms | Produces flowers or comes into full beauty | खिलता है; फूल देता है |
| Barren | Lacking vegetation or unable to produce growth | बंजर; उपजाऊ नहीं |
| Peak | The pointed top of a mountain | चोटी; पहाड़ की नोक |
| Winding | Twisting or curving | घुमावदार; मोड़ वाला |
| Creek | A small stream of water | छोटी नदी; जलधारा |
| Mellower | Softer or more pleasant | अधिक मधुर; नरम और सुखद |
| Alley | A narrow passage | गली; पतली राह |
| Lone | Solitary or isolated | अकेला; अलग-थलग |
| Downs | Open, hilly areas | पहाड़ी मैदान; खुले और ऊंचे क्षेत्र |
| Blown | Carried or scattered by the wind | उड़ाई हुई; हवा के साथ बिखरी हुई |
| Starboard | The right-hand side of a ship when facing forward | जहाज का दाहिना भाग; जब सामने की ओर देखें |
| Larboard | The left-hand side of a ship (archaic term for “port”) | जहाज का बायां भाग; (पुराना शब्द) |
| Surge | A strong, wave-like movement | लहर; बलवान और लहराती हुई गति |
| Seething | Moving intensely or violently | उफनता हुआ; तीव्र गति से हिलता हुआ |
| Wallowing | Moving or rolling about clumsily | लोटता हुआ; अनाड़ीपन से हिलना |
| Monster | A large, frightening creature | राक्षस; बड़ा और डरावना प्राणी |
| Spouted | Sent out liquid forcefully | फेंका; बलपूर्वक पानी निकाला |
| Foam-fountains | Sprays of water and bubbles | झाग के फव्वारे; पानी और बुलबुले का छिड़काव |
| Swear | To make a solemn promise | कसम खाना; गंभीर वादा करना |
| Oath | A formal promise or pledge | शपथ; औपचारिक वचन |
| Reclined | Leaned or rested | झुका हुआ; आराम किया हुआ |
| Nectar | The sweet liquid in flowers | अमृत; फूलों का मधुर रस |
| Bolts | Shafts of lightning | बिजली; बिजली की चमक |
| Hurl’d (Hurled) | Thrown with force | फेंका हुआ; बलपूर्वक फेंका हुआ |
| Blight | Disease or damage | विपत्ति; हानि |
| Famine | Extreme scarcity of food | अकाल; भोजन की अत्यधिक कमी |
| Plague | A widespread illness or calamity | महामारी; व्यापक बीमारी |
| Roaring | Making a loud, deep sound | गर्जना; तेज़ और गहरी आवाज |
| Fiery | Hot, burning, or passionate | अग्निमय; जलता हुआ या भावुक |
| Sands | Loose grains of rock on beaches or deserts | रेत; समुद्र तट या रेगिस्तान की मिट्टी |
| Clanging | Making a loud metallic sound | खनक; तेज़ धात्विक आवाज |
| Sinking | Going below the surface | डूबना; सतह के नीचे जाना |
| Lamentation | Expression of grief or sorrow | विलाप; दुःख या पीड़ा की अभिव्यक्ति |
| Ancient | Very old or from a long time ago | प्राचीन; बहुत पुराना |
| Tale | A story or account | कहानी; कथा |
| Cleave | To cut or split | काटना; विभाजित करना |
| Sow | Plant seeds for growth | बोना; बीज बोना |
| Seed | The reproductive part of a plant | बीज; पौधे का प्रजनन हिस्सा |
| Reap | Harvest or gather | काटना; फसल इकट्ठा करना |
| Harvest | The crop gathered from fields | फसल; खेत से एकत्र की गई उपज |
| Toil | Hard, continuous work | श्रम; कठिन और निरंतर काम |
| Dues | Obligations or payments | देय राशि; अनिवार्य भुगतान |
| Perish | To die or be destroyed | नष्ट होना; मरना या समाप्त होना |
| Anguish | Severe mental or physical pain | पीड़ा; मानसिक या शारीरिक कष्ट |
| Elysian | Relating to paradise in Greek mythology | स्वर्गीय; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं में स्वर्ग से संबंधित |
| Valleys | Low areas of land between hills or mountains | घाटियां; पहाड़ियों या पहाड़ों के बीच की भूमि |
| Asphodel | A mythical flower associated with the afterlife | अश्फोडेल; पौराणिक फूल जो परलोक से संबंधित है |
| Slumber | Sleep | नींद; सोना |
| Oar | A pole used to row a boat | चप्पू; नाव चलाने के लिए उपयोग होने वाला डंडा |
| O | An expression of emotion | ओ; भावनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति |
| Mariners | Sailors | नाविक; जहाज चलाने वाले |
