The Lotos-eaters by Alfred Tennyson

Key Points

Author

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of the greatest poets of the Victorian Era. His poetry often explored themes of human struggles, nature, mythology, and existential questions. In The Lotos-Eaters, Tennyson draws inspiration from Homer’s Odyssey, specifically the episode where Odysseus and his sailors encounter the Lotos-eaters. This poem reflects the sailors’ longing for escape and rest from the struggles of life, a theme that resonates universally.

Form (Rhyme Scheme)

Descriptive Narrative (Lines 1–45):

Written in Spenserian stanzas, consisting of nine lines.

Rhyme Scheme: ABABBCBCC (interconnected and flowing).

Meter: The first eight lines are in iambic pentameter (five beats per line), while the ninth line is an Alexandrine (six beats per line). This structured form mirrors the sailors’ disciplined life before they encounter the Lotos-land.

Choric Song (Lines 46–173):

Composed of eight stanzas of varying length and rhyme schemes.

The structure is freer and more fluid, reflecting the sailors’ hypnotic surrender to the tranquility of the Lotos-land.

This contrast between the structured narrative and the flowing Choric Song mirrors the sailors’ transition from duty to detachment.

Speaker

The poem alternates between two voices:

Third-Person Narrator (Lines 1–45): Describes the sailors’ arrival in the Lotos-land, the beauty of the landscape, and the effect of eating the lotus plant.

Collective Voice of the Sailors (Lines 46–173): In the Choric Song, the sailors speak in unison, expressing their longing to escape from the endless struggles of life and remain in the peaceful Lotos-land.

Setting

The poem is set in the mythical Lotos-land, a dreamlike, timeless place where the natural environment is described as tranquil and hypnotic. Key features of the Lotos-land include:

Lush scenery: Rivers, caves, and hills covered with “spicy downs” and “thick-twined vines.”

A timeless atmosphere: The Lotos-land is a place where “all things always seem’d the same.”

Contrast with the sea: The calm of the Lotos-land contrasts sharply with the sailors’ harsh and chaotic journey on the sea.

Theme

Escapism and Rest:

The poem explores the universal human desire to escape from life’s hardships and find peace in a place of rest and detachment.

Weariness of Life:

The sailors reflect on the struggles and repetitive nature of human existence, questioning its purpose.

Time and Change vs. Timelessness:

The Lotos-land represents a timeless escape, contrasting with the transient and chaotic nature of human life.

Mortality and Immortality:

The sailors long for an existence like that of the gods—eternal, detached, and free from pain and responsibility.

Plot

The poem is divided into two sections:

Descriptive Narrative (Lines 1–45):

The sailors arrive at the Lotos-land after a challenging sea journey.

They encounter the Lotos-eaters, who offer them the magical lotus plant.

Eating the lotus induces a dreamlike state, causing the sailors to lose their desire to return home and perform their duties.

Choric Song (Lines 46–173):

In this lyrical section, the sailors express their yearning to remain in the Lotos-land.

They reflect on the burdens of life, the inevitability of death, and the futility of human effort.

Ultimately, they decide to stay in the Lotos-land, abandoning their responsibilities and embracing the peace of detachment.

Tone

Dreamlike and Hypnotic: The lush descriptions of the Lotos-land create a soothing and otherworldly tone.

Melancholic and Reflective: The sailors lament the struggles of life and the fleeting nature of joy and human connections.

Resolute: By the end of the Choric Song, the sailors are firm in their decision to remain in the Lotos-land.

Style

Rich Imagery: Tennyson uses vivid descriptions to paint the serene, lush landscape of the Lotos-land.

Mythological References: References to the lotus plant, the gods, and Elysian fields root the poem in Greek mythology.

Symbolism: The Lotos-land represents escapism, while the sea symbolizes struggle and chaos.

Musicality: The poem’s flowing rhythm, created by alliteration, repetition, and rhyme, mirrors the hypnotic quality of the Lotos-land.

Contrast: The structured Spenserian stanzas contrast with the freer form of the Choric Song, reflecting the transition from order to surrender.

Message

Tennyson’s The Lotos-Eaters raises questions about the value of ceaseless toil and ambition in life. The poem suggests that rest and reflection are essential, but it also warns of the dangers of complete detachment and escapism. While the Lotos-land offers peace, the sailors’ rejection of their responsibilities raises moral and existential dilemmas. The poem encourages readers to consider the balance between duty and the pursuit of personal peace.

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Alfred Lord Tennyson

Early Life

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of the most significant poets of the Victorian era, renowned for his emotional depth and mastery of language. He was born on August 6, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire, England, as the fourth of twelve children in a clergyman’s family. Despite a difficult childhood marked by his father’s struggles with mental health and alcoholism, Tennyson found solace in literature and began writing poetry at a young age.

His passion for poetry led him to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he joined the literary group The Apostles and formed a deep friendship with Arthur Hallam. Hallam’s sudden death in 1833 profoundly influenced Tennyson, inspiring much of his greatest work, including In Memoriam A.H.H.

Major Works and Achievements

Notable Works:

Early Successes:

Poems, Chiefly Lyrical (1830): Showcased his lyrical talent and included early works like “Mariana.”

Poems (1842): Included iconic pieces like The Lady of Shalott and The Lotos-Eaters, solidifying his reputation.

Memorial Poetry:

In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850): A moving elegy written in memory of Arthur Hallam. It explores themes of grief, faith, and the search for meaning, making it one of his masterpieces.

Narrative and Epic Poetry:

Idylls of the King (1859–1885): A cycle of poems retelling the Arthurian legends, reflecting Victorian ideals of heroism and morality.

Other Famous Poems:

The Charge of the Light Brigade (1854): A tribute to soldiers’ bravery during the Crimean War.

Crossing the Bar (1889): A reflective meditation on death and acceptance, often considered his farewell to life.

Style and Themes

Tennyson’s poetry is celebrated for its ability to blend rich imagery, emotional intensity, and philosophical depth.

Musicality: His mastery of rhythm and sound makes his verses melodious and impactful.

Nature: Nature plays a central role in his works, often reflecting human emotions and existential themes.

Classical and Historical References: He frequently drew on Greek mythology, Arthurian legends, and historical events to explore universal truths.

Themes of Loss and Grief: Tennyson’s personal losses, especially Arthur Hallam’s death, deeply influenced his poetry, infusing it with meditations on mortality and faith.

Victorian Ideals and Challenges: His works grapple with the Victorian era’s tensions between tradition and progress, faith and doubt, and individual struggles within a changing world.

Poet Laureate and Honors

Tennyson was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1850, succeeding William Wordsworth. His tenure lasted over 40 years, making him one of the longest-serving laureates. In 1884, he became Baron Tennyson of Aldworth and Freshwater, the first English poet to receive a peerage. His works were widely celebrated for capturing the spirit of the Victorian age while addressing timeless human concerns.

Final Years and Death

Tennyson continued writing until his final years, producing reflective works like Crossing the Bar. He passed away on October 6, 1892, at the age of 83, and was buried in Westminster Abbey’s Poets’ Corner, alongside other literary greats. At his request, Crossing the Bar was placed at the end of his collected works, symbolizing his farewell to life and poetry.

Legacy

Tennyson remains one of the most beloved and studied poets in English literature. His ability to capture the emotional struggles of the individual while addressing universal themes ensures his work’s relevance across generations. His deep understanding of human nature, paired with his technical brilliance, solidifies his place as one of the greatest poets of all time.

Famous Quotes by Tennyson

“‘Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.” (In Memoriam)

“Hope smiles from the threshold of the year to come, whispering, ‘It will be happier.’” (The Foresters)

“Ring out the false, ring in the true.” (In Memoriam)

Impact

Tennyson’s works reflect universal human emotions—grief, hope, faith, and despair—making them timeless. He spoke to the struggles of his era and beyond, providing a bridge between personal experience and collective understanding. His poetry continues to inspire readers, offering beauty, solace, and profound insight into life and death.

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Word Meaning

Tough Word	Meaning in English	Meaning in Hindi
Stanza1
Courage	Bravery; the ability to face fear or danger	साहस; डर या खतरे का सामना करने की क्षमता
Mounting	Rising or increasing	चढ़ती हुई; बढ़ती हुई
Wave	A moving ridge of water	लहर; पानी की चलती हुई परत
Shoreward	Toward the shore	किनारे की ओर; समुद्र या नदी के किनारे की दिशा में
Unto	To; archaic form of “to”	तक; “to” का पुराना रूप
Languid	Weak or relaxed, lacking energy	सुस्त; ऊर्जा या जोश की कमी
Swoon	Faint or feel overwhelmed	बेहोश होना; कमजोर महसूस करना
Hath	Has; archaic form	है; “has” का पुराना रूप
Weary	Tired or exhausted	थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा
Full-faced	Completely visible or rounded	पूरी तरह स्पष्ट; गोल या पूर्ण
Valley	A low area of land between hills or mountains	घाटी; पहाड़ों के बीच का नीचा स्थान
Slender	Thin or narrow	पतला; संकीर्ण
Stream	A small river or flowing water	धारा; बहता हुआ पानी
Cliff	A steep, high rock face	चट्टान; ऊंची खड़ी चट्टान
Stanza 2
Slow-dropping	Falling gently or at a slow pace	धीरे-धीरे गिरता हुआ; धीमी गति से गिरता हुआ
Veils	Thin coverings, often used metaphorically	परदे; पतले आवरण
Lawn	A type of fine, light fabric or smooth surface	हल्का और महीन कपड़ा या घास का मैदान
Wavering	Moving back and forth unsteadily	डगमगाता हुआ; अस्थिर रूप से इधर-उधर होता हुआ
Slumbrous	Sleepy or inducing sleep	नींदभरा; जो नींद लाता है
Gleaming	Shining brightly	चमकदार; जो तेज चमकता हो
Seaward	Toward the sea	समुद्र की ओर; समुद्र की दिशा में
Off	At a distance, away from	दूर; हटकर
Three	A number after two	तीन; दो के बाद की संख्या
Mountain-tops	The highest points of mountains	पहाड़ की चोटियां; पहाड़ों के सबसे ऊंचे बिंदु
Pinnacles	High, pointed pieces of rock or mountain	शिखर; ऊंची, नुकीली चट्टान या पर्वत की चोटी
Sunset-flush’d	Bathed in the reddish light of the setting sun	सूर्यास्त की लालिमा में नहाया हुआ
Dew’d	Covered with dew	ओस से भरा हुआ; ओस की बूंदों से ढका हुआ
Showery	Relating to or marked by rain showers	बरसाती; बारिश की फुहारों से संबंधित
Drops	Small amounts of liquid	बूंदें; तरल की छोटी मात्रा
Up-clomb	Climbed upward (archaic)	ऊपर चढ़ा; (पुराना शब्द) ऊपर की ओर चढ़ना
Pine	A type of tree often found in mountainous areas	चीड़ का पेड़; पर्वतीय क्षेत्र में पाया जाने वाला पेड़
Woven	Interlaced or intertwined	बुना हुआ; जो एक साथ गूंथा गया हो
Copse	A small group of trees	झुरमुट; पेड़ों का छोटा समूह
Stanza 3
Charmed	Enchanted or magical	मंत्रमुग्ध; जादुई
Linger’d (Lingered)	Stayed for a long time; delayed leaving	ठहर गया; लंबे समय तक रुका
Adown	Downward or below (archaic)	नीचे; (पुराना शब्द) नीचे की ओर
Clefts	Narrow openings or splits in rock or earth	दरारें; चट्टानों या पृथ्वी में पतली खाई
Dale	A valley, especially a broad one	घाटी; विशेष रूप से चौड़ी घाटी
Inland	Away from the sea or coast	आंतरिक; समुद्र या तट से दूर
Palm	A type of tropical tree with long, feather-like leaves	खजूर का पेड़; लंबे पत्तों वाला उष्णकटिबंधीय पेड़
Winding	Twisting and turning	घुमावदार; मोड़ और मोड़ वाला
Vale	A valley (literary term)	घाटी; (साहित्यिक शब्द)
Meadow	A field of grass, often with flowers	घास का मैदान; फूलों और घास का क्षेत्र
Slender	Thin or narrow	पतला; संकीर्ण
Galingale	A type of fragrant plant	गंधपूर्ण पौधा; सुगंधित पौधा
Keel	The main structure of a ship	जहाज का आधार; जलयान की मुख्य संरचना
Mild-eyed	Having a calm and gentle expression	शांत आंखों वाला; सौम्य दृष्टि वाला
Melancholy	A feeling of deep sadness	उदासी; गहरी दुख की भावना
Lotos-eaters	Mythical people who eat the lotus plant and live in a dreamy state	लोटस खाने वाले; पौराणिक लोग जो लोटस खाकर स्वप्निल अवस्था में रहते हैं
Stanza 4
Bore	Carried or held (past tense of “bear”)	ले गए; लेकर चले गए
Enchanted	Magical or fascinating	मंत्रमुग्ध; जादुई
Laden	Heavily loaded or filled	लदा हुआ; भारी भरा हुआ
Whereof	Of which (archaic)	जिसमें; (पुराना शब्द)
Whoso	Whoever (archaic)	जो कोई; (पुराना शब्द)
Gushing	Flowing out quickly and in large amounts	बहता हुआ; तेजी से और बड़ी मात्रा में निकलना
Mourn	Express sorrow or grief	शोक करना; दुःख व्यक्त करना
Rave	Speak or act wildly or incoherently	बड़बड़ाना; असंबद्ध रूप से बोलना या व्यवहार करना
Alien	Foreign or unfamiliar	विदेशी; अपरिचित
Shores	Edges of land next to a sea or river	तट; समुद्र या नदी के किनारे
Spake	Spoke (archaic)	बोला; (पुराना शब्द)
Grave	A burial place	कब्र; दफन स्थान
Deep-asleep	In a deep or profound sleep	गहरी नींद में; पूरी तरह सोया हुआ
Stanza 5
Shore	The edge of land next to a sea, river, or lake	तट; समुद्र, नदी या झील के किनारे
Fatherland	One’s native country	मातृभूमि; अपना जन्मस्थान
Slave	A person who is owned or controlled by someone	दास; किसी के नियंत्रण में रहने वाला व्यक्ति
Evermore	Forever or always	सदा; हमेशा
Weary	Tired or exhausted	थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा
Oar	A long pole used to row or propel a boat	चप्पू; नाव को चलाने के लिए उपयोग किया जाने वाला डंडा
Wandering	Moving without a fixed direction or purpose	भटकता हुआ; बिना निश्चित दिशा या उद्देश्य के
Barren	Unable to produce or empty	बंजर; जो कुछ उत्पन्न नहीं कर सकता
Foam	Bubbles formed on the surface of liquid	झाग; तरल की सतह पर बने बुलबुले
“We will return no more”	Indicates a decision to not go back	“हम अब वापस नहीं जाएंगे”; वापस न जाने का निर्णय
Longer	For more time	अधिक समय तक; लंबे समय तक
Roam	Wander without a fixed purpose or direction	भटकना; बिना निश्चित दिशा या उद्देश्य के
CHORIC SONG I
Petals	The colored parts of a flower	पंखुड़ियां; फूल के रंगीन हिस्से
Blown	Scattered or dispersed	बिखरी हुई; फैली हुई
Night-dews	Moisture that forms on surfaces during the night	रात की ओस; रात में सतह पर बनने वाली नमी
Still	Calm, motionless	स्थिर; शांत
Granite	A type of hard, gray rock	ग्रेनाइट; कठोर, धूसर चट्टान
Gleaming	Shining brightly	चमचमाता; तेज चमकता हुआ
Pass	A narrow route through mountains or hills	दर्रा; पहाड़ों या पहाड़ियों के बीच का मार्ग
Spirit	The non-physical part of a person, emotions or soul	आत्मा; व्यक्ति का गैर-भौतिक भाग या भावनाएं
Tir’d (Tired)	Exhausted or fatigued	थका हुआ; थकावट से भरा
Blissful	Extremely happy or peaceful	आनंदमय; अत्यंत सुखद
Mosses	Small, soft plants that grow in damp places	काई; गीली जगहों पर उगने वाले छोटे पौधे
Ivies	Climbing plants with small, dark green leaves	बेलें; छोटी, गहरी हरी पत्तियों वाली चढ़ने वाली बेलें
Creep	Move slowly and quietly	रेंगना; धीरे और चुपचाप चलना
Stream	A small river or flow of water	धारा; पानी का छोटा प्रवाह
Craggy	Rough, rugged, or steep	खुरदरा; ऊबड़-खाबड़ या खड़ी
Ledge	A narrow, flat surface projecting from a wall or cliff	कगार; दीवार या चट्टान से निकला हुआ सतह
Poppy	A type of flower, often associated with sleep	खसखस का फूल; एक प्रकार का फूल, जिसे नींद से जोड़ा जाता है
CHORIC SONG II
Weigh’d (Weighed)	Burdened or oppressed	दबा हुआ; भार से दबा हुआ
Utterly	Completely or absolutely	पूरी तरह; पूरी तरह से
Distress	Extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain	संकट; अत्यधिक चिंता या पीड़ा
Weariness	Exhaustion or tiredness	थकावट; थका हुआ
Toil	Hard, continuous work	मेहनत; कठिन, निरंतर कार्य
Perpetual	Never-ending or continuous	शाश्वत; जो कभी समाप्त न हो
Moan	A low sound expressing pain or sorrow	कराह; दर्द या दुख व्यक्त करने वाली धीमी आवाज
Sorrow	Deep sadness or grief	दुख; गहरा शोक
Cease	To stop or end	बंद करना; समाप्त करना
Wanderings	Roaming or traveling without purpose	भटकाव; उद्देश्यहीन यात्रा
Steep	Soak or immerse	डुबाना; भिगोना
Slumber’s	Related to sleep	नींद का; नींद से संबंधित
Holy	Sacred or divine	पवित्र; धार्मिक
Balm	Something that soothes or heals	मरहम; राहत देने या ठीक करने वाला
Harken (Hearken)	To listen carefully	ध्यान से सुनना; सुनने के लिए ध्यान देना
CHORIC SONG III
Lo	An expression to draw attention, meaning “look” or “see”	देखो; ध्यान आकर्षित करने के लिए उपयोग किया गया शब्द
Woo’d (Wooed)	Attracted or invited (archaic)	लुभाया गया; आकर्षित किया गया
Bud	A small growth on a plant that develops into a leaf or flower	कली; पौधे पर पत्ते या फूल का प्रारंभिक विकास
Sun-steep’d (Sun-steeped)	Bathed in sunlight	सूरज से भिगा हुआ; धूप से नहाया हुआ
Dew-fed	Nourished by dew	ओस से पोषित; ओस से सींचा गया
Floats	Hangs or moves lightly in the air	तैरता है; हवा में हल्का होकर चलता है
Adown	Downward or below (archaic)	नीचे की ओर; (पुराना शब्द)
Sweeten’d (Sweetened)	Made sweeter or more pleasant	मधुर; और अधिक सुखद बनाया गया
Full-juiced	Fully ripe and filled with juice	रस से भरा हुआ; पूरी तरह पका हुआ
Waxing	Becoming larger or more developed	बढ़ता हुआ; और अधिक विकसित होता हुआ
Over-mellow	Extremely soft, ripe, and sweet	अति-नरम; बहुत ही पका और मीठा
Autumn	The season between summer and winter	पतझड़; गर्मी और सर्दी के बीच का मौसम
Hath (Has)	Possesses or owns (archaic)	है; (पुराना शब्द)
Toil	Hard, continuous work	मेहनत; कठिन, निरंतर काम
Fast-rooted	Firmly fixed in the ground	मजबूती से जड़ा हुआ; जमीन में अच्छी तरह लगा हुआ
Fruitful	Producing good results or fruit	फलदायी; अच्छे परिणाम या फल देने वाला
CHORIC SONG IV
Vaulted	Arched or curved	मेहराबदार; झुका हुआ
O’er (Over)	Above or higher than	के ऊपर; से ऊंचा
Driveth (Drives)	Pushes or forces forward (archaic)	चलाता है; आगे बढ़ाता है (पुराना शब्द)
Dumb	Silent or unable to speak	मूक; बोलने में असमर्थ
Dreadful	Terrible or frightening	भयावह; भयानक
Ripen	To become mature or fully developed	पकना; परिपक्व होना
CHORIC SONG V
Half-shut	Partially closed	आधा बंद; आंशिक रूप से बंद
Half-dream	A state between waking and dreaming	अर्ध-सपना; जागने और सपने के बीच की अवस्था
Yonder	Referring to something at a distance (archaic)	वह; दूर की चीज को संदर्भित करता है
Amber	A golden-yellow color	सुनहरा पीला; एक स्वर्ण-पीला रंग
Myrrh-bush	A type of fragrant plant	गंधपूर्ण पौधा; सुगंधित पौधा
Whisper’d (Whispered)	Spoken in a soft or low voice	फुसफुसाया हुआ; धीमी या कोमल आवाज में कहा गया
Lotos	A mythical plant inducing forgetfulness	लोटस; एक पौराणिक पौधा जो विस्मृति लाता है
Crisping	Curling or rippling	घुमावदार; लहरदार
Ripples	Small waves on the surface of water	तरंगें; पानी की सतह पर छोटी लहरें
Tender	Gentle or soft	कोमल; नरम
Curving	Bending smoothly	मुड़ना; चिकनी घुमावदार
Lend	To give temporarily	देना; अस्थायी रूप से देना
Wholly	Completely	पूरी तरह; संपूर्ण रूप से
Mild-minded	Gentle and calm in temperament	सौम्य विचारों वाला; शांत स्वभाव वाला
Melancholy	A feeling of sadness	उदासी; दुख
Muse	To think deeply	गहराई से सोचना; चिंतन करना
Brood	To dwell on or think deeply, often with sadness	चिंतन करना; अक्सर उदासी के साथ गहराई से विचार करना
Infancy	The state of being a baby	शैशव; बच्चे की अवस्था
Heap’d (Heaped)	Piled up	ढेर; एकत्र किया हुआ
Mound	A small hill or raised area	टीला; एक छोटा ऊंचा स्थान
Urn	A container, often for storing ashes	कलश; राख रखने का पात्र
Brass	A metal alloy of copper and zinc	पीतल; तांबा और जस्ता का मिश्रण
CHORIC SONG VI
Wedded	Married	विवाहित; शादीशुदा
Embraces	Acts of hugging or holding	आलिंगन; गले लगाना
Hath (Has)	Possesses or owns (archaic)	है; (पुराना शब्द)
Suffer’d (Suffered)	Experienced pain or hardship	झेला; पीड़ा या कठिनाई अनुभव किया
Household	Relating to a home or family	घरेलू; घर या परिवार से संबंधित
Hearths	The floors of fireplaces, symbolizing home and warmth	चूल्हे; घर और गर्मजोशी का प्रतीक
Inherit	Receive from a predecessor	विरासत में लेना; पहले के व्यक्ति से प्राप्त करना
Over-bold	Too daring or reckless	अत्यधिक साहसी; बहुत अधिक जोखिम लेने वाला
Substance	Material or wealth	संपत्ति; सामग्री
Minstrel	A singer or poet, especially in historical times	भाट; ऐतिहासिक समय में गायक या कवि
Troy	An ancient city from Greek mythology	ट्रॉय; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं का प्राचीन शहर
Deeds	Actions or achievements	कर्म; कार्य या उपलब्धियां
Half-forgotten	Only partially remembered	आधा भुला दिया गया; आंशिक रूप से याद
Isle	An island	द्वीप; पानी से घिरा हुआ क्षेत्र
Reconcile	Restore harmony or settle	सुलह करना; सामंजस्य स्थापित करना
Sore	Painful or aching	पीड़ादायक; दर्द से भरा
Task	A piece of work or duty	कार्य; काम
Worn	Exhausted or used up	थका हुआ; समाप्त
Grown	Increased or developed	बढ़ा हुआ; विकसित
Dim	Lacking clarity or brightness	धुंधला; अस्पष्ट
Gazing	Looking steadily	घूरना; स्थिर रूप से देखना
Pilot-stars	Stars used for navigation	दिशा निर्धारण के लिए सितारे
CHORIC SONG VII
Propt (Propped)	Supported or rested against something	सहारा दिया हुआ; किसी चीज के खिलाफ टिकाया हुआ
Amaranth	A mythical flower that never fades	अमरनाथ; एक पौराणिक फूल जो कभी मुरझाता नहीं
Moly	A mythical herb mentioned in Greek mythology	मोलि; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं में वर्णित एक जादुई जड़ी-बूटी
Lull	To soothe or calm	शांत करना; सुकून देना
Half-dropt (Half-dropped)	Partially closed	आधा गिरा हुआ; आंशिक रूप से बंद
Dewy	Covered with dew or fresh	ओस से भरा; ताजा
Echoes	Repeated sounds	गूंज; बार-बार सुनाई देने वाली आवाज
Cave	A hollow space in the ground or rock	गुफा; चट्टान या जमीन में खोखला स्थान
Thro’ (Through)	Moving in one side and out the other side	के माध्यम से; एक ओर से दूसरी ओर
Thick-twined	Densely intertwined	घना गुंथा हुआ; सघनता से गुंथा हुआ
Vine	A climbing plant	बेल; चढ़ने वाला पौधा
Emerald-colour’d	Green like the gemstone emerald	पन्ना रंग का; पन्ने की तरह हरा
Wov’n (Woven)	Interlaced or intertwined	बुना हुआ; एक साथ गूंथा हुआ
Acanthus	A type of plant with spiny leaves	एक प्रकार का पौधा; कांटेदार पत्तियों वाला
Wreath	A circular arrangement of flowers or leaves	माला; फूलों या पत्तियों का घेरा
Far-off	At a great distance	दूरस्थ; बहुत दूरी पर
Sparkling	Shining or glittering	चमचमाता; जगमगाता
Brine	Saltwater, often referring to the sea	खारा पानी; समुद्र का पानी
Pine	A type of tree	चीड़ का पेड़; एक प्रकार का वृक्ष
CHORIC SONG VIII
Blooms	Produces flowers or comes into full beauty	खिलता है; फूल देता है
Barren	Lacking vegetation or unable to produce growth	बंजर; उपजाऊ नहीं
Peak	The pointed top of a mountain	चोटी; पहाड़ की नोक
Winding	Twisting or curving	घुमावदार; मोड़ वाला
Creek	A small stream of water	छोटी नदी; जलधारा
Mellower	Softer or more pleasant	अधिक मधुर; नरम और सुखद
Alley	A narrow passage	गली; पतली राह
Lone	Solitary or isolated	अकेला; अलग-थलग
Downs	Open, hilly areas	पहाड़ी मैदान; खुले और ऊंचे क्षेत्र
Blown	Carried or scattered by the wind	उड़ाई हुई; हवा के साथ बिखरी हुई
Starboard	The right-hand side of a ship when facing forward	जहाज का दाहिना भाग; जब सामने की ओर देखें
Larboard	The left-hand side of a ship (archaic term for “port”)	जहाज का बायां भाग; (पुराना शब्द)
Surge	A strong, wave-like movement	लहर; बलवान और लहराती हुई गति
Seething	Moving intensely or violently	उफनता हुआ; तीव्र गति से हिलता हुआ
Wallowing	Moving or rolling about clumsily	लोटता हुआ; अनाड़ीपन से हिलना
Monster	A large, frightening creature	राक्षस; बड़ा और डरावना प्राणी
Spouted	Sent out liquid forcefully	फेंका; बलपूर्वक पानी निकाला
Foam-fountains	Sprays of water and bubbles	झाग के फव्वारे; पानी और बुलबुले का छिड़काव
Swear	To make a solemn promise	कसम खाना; गंभीर वादा करना
Oath	A formal promise or pledge	शपथ; औपचारिक वचन
Reclined	Leaned or rested	झुका हुआ; आराम किया हुआ
Nectar	The sweet liquid in flowers	अमृत; फूलों का मधुर रस
Bolts	Shafts of lightning	बिजली; बिजली की चमक
Hurl’d (Hurled)	Thrown with force	फेंका हुआ; बलपूर्वक फेंका हुआ
Blight	Disease or damage	विपत्ति; हानि
Famine	Extreme scarcity of food	अकाल; भोजन की अत्यधिक कमी
Plague	A widespread illness or calamity	महामारी; व्यापक बीमारी
Roaring	Making a loud, deep sound	गर्जना; तेज़ और गहरी आवाज
Fiery	Hot, burning, or passionate	अग्निमय; जलता हुआ या भावुक
Sands	Loose grains of rock on beaches or deserts	रेत; समुद्र तट या रेगिस्तान की मिट्टी
Clanging	Making a loud metallic sound	खनक; तेज़ धात्विक आवाज
Sinking	Going below the surface	डूबना; सतह के नीचे जाना
Lamentation	Expression of grief or sorrow	विलाप; दुःख या पीड़ा की अभिव्यक्ति
Ancient	Very old or from a long time ago	प्राचीन; बहुत पुराना
Tale	A story or account	कहानी; कथा
Cleave	To cut or split	काटना; विभाजित करना
Sow	Plant seeds for growth	बोना; बीज बोना
Seed	The reproductive part of a plant	बीज; पौधे का प्रजनन हिस्सा
Reap	Harvest or gather	काटना; फसल इकट्ठा करना
Harvest	The crop gathered from fields	फसल; खेत से एकत्र की गई उपज
Toil	Hard, continuous work	श्रम; कठिन और निरंतर काम
Dues	Obligations or payments	देय राशि; अनिवार्य भुगतान
Perish	To die or be destroyed	नष्ट होना; मरना या समाप्त होना
Anguish	Severe mental or physical pain	पीड़ा; मानसिक या शारीरिक कष्ट
Elysian	Relating to paradise in Greek mythology	स्वर्गीय; ग्रीक पौराणिक कथाओं में स्वर्ग से संबंधित
Valleys	Low areas of land between hills or mountains	घाटियां; पहाड़ियों या पहाड़ों के बीच की भूमि
Asphodel	A mythical flower associated with the afterlife	अश्फोडेल; पौराणिक फूल जो परलोक से संबंधित है
Slumber	Sleep	नींद; सोना
Oar	A pole used to row a boat	चप्पू; नाव चलाने के लिए उपयोग होने वाला डंडा
O	An expression of emotion	ओ; भावनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति
Mariners	Sailors	नाविक; जहाज चलाने वाले