41. Why does Bacon advise against reading only to contradict?

A. It leads to blind belief

B. It hinders critical thinking

C. It fosters arrogance

D. It lacks practical value

Answer: B (It hinders critical thinking)

Explanation: Bacon discourages reading solely to argue and contradict because it fosters a combative mindset rather than a reflective one. Such an approach prevents readers from genuinely considering ideas and learning from them. Reading with an open mind and weighing ideas critically allows for intellectual growth, while reading to contradict stifles constructive thinking.

42. What analogy does Bacon use for inappropriate studies?

A. Wasting time in games

B. Using a blunt knife

C. Like diseases needing exercise

D. Like building castles in the air

Answer: C (Like diseases needing exercise)

Explanation: Bacon compares the use of studies to remedies for physical ailments, highlighting their corrective nature. Just as specific exercises address physical diseases, targeted studies help correct intellectual shortcomings. For example, mathematics can discipline a wandering mind, and studying law cases can enhance analytical thinking, making studies therapeutic.

43. What type of books should be “chewed and digested”?

A. All books

B. Books of deep knowledge

C. Fiction books

D. Religious books

Answer: B (Books of deep knowledge)

Explanation: Bacon suggests that books requiring thorough engagement should be “chewed and digested,” meaning they need to be read carefully and reflectively. Such books, often containing deep and complex knowledge, demand attention and contemplation to fully understand and assimilate their ideas. This approach fosters in-depth learning and critical analysis.

44. What does Bacon associate with a person who confers little?

A. Cunning

B. Present wit

C. Intelligence

D. Wisdom

Answer: B (Present wit)

Explanation: Bacon asserts that individuals who do not engage in discussions (conference) must rely on sharp, present wit to navigate intellectual challenges. Conferencing develops quick thinking and adaptability. Without this practice, individuals must depend on their ability to think rapidly and respond effectively in real-time, compensating for the lack of dialogue-based learning.

45. What does Bacon warn against when using studies for discourse?

A. Simplicity

B. Pretentiousness

C. Eloquence

D. Wisdom

Answer: B (Pretentiousness)

Explanation: Bacon warns against using studies excessively for ornamentation in conversation, as it can lead to pretentiousness. Relying too much on scholarly knowledge to impress others comes across as artificial or insincere. Instead, studies should enhance discourse naturally, supporting meaningful dialogue rather than serving as a tool for vanity.

46. What is the primary advice Bacon gives about approaching reading?

A. Read to memorize facts

B. Read to weigh and consider ideas

C. Read to impress others

D. Read to gather arguments

Answer: B (Read to weigh and consider ideas)

Explanation: Bacon emphasizes reading with the purpose of evaluating and understanding ideas rather than memorizing facts, arguing, or impressing others. Weighing and considering ideas allows readers to critically analyze content and extract useful insights, fostering intellectual growth and practical application of knowledge.

47. According to Bacon, which subject makes men moral?

A. History

B. Philosophy

C. Natural Science

D. Mathematics

Answer: B (Philosophy)

Explanation: Bacon attributes the development of morality to philosophy, which engages with concepts of right and wrong, ethics, and virtue. Studying philosophy cultivates a deeper understanding of human behavior and the principles governing ethical conduct, leading to a more serious and thoughtful approach to life.

48. How does Bacon describe the relationship between studies and natural abilities?

A. Studies are unnecessary for natural talents

B. Studies refine and improve natural abilities

C. Studies hinder the development of natural skills

D. Studies replace natural abilities entirely

Answer: B (Studies refine and improve natural abilities)

Explanation: Bacon likens natural abilities to plants that require pruning, suggesting that studies refine and perfect inherent talents. While natural abilities provide the foundation, studies enhance them by adding discipline, direction, and depth, making them more effective and useful in practical applications.

49. Which of the following exercises does Bacon associate with sharpening wit?

A. Studying law

B. Practicing logic

C. Reading poetry

D. Studying mathematics

Answer: D (Studying mathematics)

Explanation: Bacon recommends mathematics for sharpening wit because it trains the mind to think logically and rigorously. Mathematical problem-solving requires attention to detail, precise reasoning, and a structured approach, making it an ideal exercise for enhancing mental agility and focus.

50. What does Bacon mean by “writing makes an exact man”?

A. Writing leads to scholarly fame

B. Writing develops precision in thought and expression

C. Writing is essential for learning new subjects

D. Writing makes people socially accepted

Answer: B (Writing develops precision in thought and expression)

Explanation: Bacon highlights the precision writing brings to thought and communication. The process of writing compels individuals to organize their ideas clearly and articulate them effectively, fostering accuracy and logical consistency. This practice helps develop clarity in reasoning and expression, crucial for intellectual refinement.