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Sonnet 30 by William Shakespeare | Remembrance | When to the sessions of sweet silent thought | Free PDF Download – Easy Literary Lessons
Sonnet 30
When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
I summon up remembrance of things past,
I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought,
And with old woes new wail my dear time’s waste:
Then can I drown an eye, unused to flow,
For precious friends hid in death’s dateless night,
And weep afresh love’s long-since-cancelled woe,
And moan the expense of many a vanished sight:
Then can I grieve at grievances foregone,
And heavily from woe to woe tell o’er
The sad account of fore-bemoanèd moan,
Which I new pay as if not paid before.
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are restored, and sorrows end.
line-by-line explanation of the poem
Line 1: When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
English: When I sit down to think quietly and reflect on the past.
Hindi: जब मैं शांत बैठकर अतीत पर विचार करता हूँ
Line 2: I summon up remembrance of things past
English: I bring to mind memories of things that have happened in the past.
Hindi: मैं अतीत में हुई घटनाओं की यादों को मन में लाता हूं
Line 3: I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought
English: I sigh because I did not get many of the things that I wanted in life.
Hindi: मैं उन चीजों की कमी के लिए आहें भरता हूं जो मुझे जीवन में नहीं मिलीं
Line 4: And with old woes new wail my dear time’s waste
English: And I feel a new sadness over the time that I have wasted on old sorrows.
Hindi: और मैं उन पुरानी पीड़ाओं पर नए सिरे से विलाप करता हूं जिन पर मैंने समय बर्बाद किया है
Line 5: Then can I drown an eye, unused to flow
English: Then I can cry, even though I am not used to crying.
Hindi: तब मैं रो सकता हूं, भले ही मैं रोने के लिए अभ्यस्त नहीं हूं
Line 6: For precious friends hid in death’s dateless night
English: For dear friends who are hidden away in the endless night of death.
Hindi: उन प्रिय मित्रों के लिए जो मृत्यु की अनंत रात में छिपे हुए हैं
Line 7: And weep afresh love’s long-since-cancelled woe
English: And I weep anew for the pain of love that was long ago lost.
Hindi: और प्यार के उस दर्द के लिए फिर से रोता हूं जो बहुत पहले खो गया था
Line 8: And moan the expense of many a vanished sight
English: And I groan over the loss of many things that I have seen and lost.
Hindi: और उन कई चीजों के नुकसान के लिए मैं कराहता हूं जो मैंने देखी और खो दी हैं
Line 9: Then can I grieve at grievances foregone
English: Then I can grieve over grievances that I had forgotten.
Hindi: फिर मैं उन शिकायतों पर शोक कर सकता हूँ जो मैं भूल गया था
Line 10: And heavily from woe to woe tell o’er
English: And I can recount my sorrows from one to the other, one by one.
Hindi: और मैं अपने दुखों को एक से दूसरे तक गिना सकता हूं, एक-एक करके
Line 11: The sad account of fore-bemoanèd moan
English: The sad story of sorrows that I have already moaned over many times before.
Hindi: उन दुखों की दुखद कहानी जिन पर मैं पहले ही कई बार विलाप कर चुका हूं
Line 12: Which I new pay as if not paid before
English: Which I pay for again as if I had never paid for them before.
Hindi: जिसके लिए मैं फिर से भुगतान करता हूं जैसे कि मैंने पहले कभी भुगतान नहीं किया था
Line 13: But if the while I think on thee, dear friend
English: But if, while I am thinking of this, I think of you, my dear friend,
Hindi: लेकिन यदि इस समय मैं आपके बारे में सोचता हूं, मेरे प्रिय मित्र
Line 14: All losses are restored, and sorrows end
English: Then all of my losses are restored, and my sorrows come to an end.
Hindi: तब मेरे सभी नुकसान बहाल हो जाते हैं, और मेरे दुख समाप्त हो जाते हैं|
Summary
Sonnet 30 by William Shakespeare is a beautiful and moving poem about the power of love to overcome loss and grief. The speaker begins by describing how, when he sits alone in quiet thought, he is overwhelmed by memories of his past failures and losses. He grieves for the friends he has lost, the loves he has let go of, and the opportunities he has missed. But then, he says, “But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, / All losses are restored, and sorrows end.”
The speaker’s friend is not explicitly identified, but it is clear that he or she is someone very special to the speaker. When the speaker thinks of his friend, all of his sorrows and regrets melt away. His friend’s love is like a restorative balm, healing the wounds of his past.
The sonnet is written in Shakespeare’s signature style, with its rich language, complex metaphors, and iambic pentameter rhythm. But even though it is a formal poem, it is also deeply personal and emotional. The speaker’s grief and longing are palpable, and his friend’s love is a beacon of hope in the darkness.
Sonnet 30 is a reminder that even in our deepest sorrows, we are never alone. The love of our friends and family can give us the strength to endure and to find joy again.
Key Points
1. Author: The poem is written by William Shakespeare, a renowned English poet.
2. Setting: The poem is set in the mind of the speaker, who is reflecting on his past.
3. Theme: The poem explores themes of memory, loss, and love.
4. Plot: The speaker remembers his past losses and grieves his failures and shortcomings. He also focuses on the subject of lost friends and lost lovers.
5. Conflict: The conflict arises when the speaker starts thinking about the past and all the sorrows that come with it.
6. Resolution: The speaker finds solace in the love he feels for a “dear friend”. This love restores all losses and ends all sorrows.
7. Style: The poem is written in a simple and relatable style. It uses legal and financial language to describe the speaker’s feelings.
8. Message: The poem suggests that even though remembering past sorrows can bring pain, thinking about a loved one can provide comfort and end all sorrows.
Very Short Answer Questions
Q. Who wrote the poem? | कविता किसने लिखी?
A. William Shakespeare | विलियम शेक्सपियर
Q. What is the main theme of the poem? | कविता का मुख्य विषय क्या है?
A. Love and loss | प्रेम और क्षति
Q. What does the speaker do in the first 12 lines of the poem? | कविता की पहली 12 पंक्तियों में वक्ता क्या करता है?
A. He grieves over his past failures and losses. | वह अपनी पिछली विफलताओं और नुकसानों पर शोक करता है।
Q. What happens in the last two lines of the poem? | कविता की अंतिम दो पंक्तियों में क्या होता है?
A. The speaker’s friend comes to mind, and all of his sorrows are erased. | वक्ता के मित्र का मन में आता है, और उसके सारे दुख मिट जाते हैं।
Q. Who is the speaker’s friend? | वक्ता का मित्र कौन है?
A. The speaker’s friend is someone very special to him, but their identity is not explicitly revealed. | वक्ता का मित्र कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति है जो उसके लिए बहुत खास है, लेकिन उसकी पहचान स्पष्ट रूप से नहीं बताई गई है।
Q. What does the speaker’s friend represent? | वक्ता का मित्र क्या दर्शाता है?
A. The speaker’s friend represents love, hope, and healing. | वक्ता का मित्र प्रेम, आशा और उपचार का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।
Q. What does the poem tell us about the power of love? | कविता हमें प्यार की शक्ति के बारे में क्या बताती है?
A. The poem tells us that love is a powerful force that can help us to overcome even the deepest sorrows. | कविता हमें बताती है कि प्यार एक शक्तिशाली ताकत है जो हमें सबसे गहरे दुखों को भी दूर करने में मदद कर सकती है।
Q. What is the mood of the poem? | कविता का मूड क्या है?
A. The mood of the poem is melancholic at first, but it becomes hopeful and uplifting in the last two lines. | कविता का मूड पहले तो उदासी भरा होता है, लेकिन अंतिम दो पंक्तियों में यह आशावादी और उत्थानकारी हो जाता है।
Q. What is the tone of the poem? | कविता का स्वर क्या है?
A. The tone of the poem is reflective and introspective. | कविता का स्वर चिंतनशील और आत्मनिरीक्षण है।
Q. What is the form of the poem? | कविता का रूप क्या है?
A. The poem is written in the form of a Shakespearean sonnet, which has 14 lines in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. | कविता शेक्सपियरियन सॉनेट के रूप में लिखी गई है, जिसमें आयंबिक पेंटामीटर में 14 पंक्तियां हैं और ABAB CDCD EFEF GG की rhyme scheme है।
Q. What are some of the key literary devices used in the poem? | कविता में उपयोग किए जाने वाले कुछ प्रमुख साहित्यिक उपकरण क्या हैं?
A. The poem uses a variety of literary devices, including metaphors, similes, personification, and hyperbole. | कविता में कई तरह के साहित्यिक उपकरणों का उपयोग किया गया है, जिनमें रूपक, उपमा, व्यक्तित्व और अतिशयोक्ति शामिल हैं।
Q. What is the significance of the title of the poem? | कविता के शीर्षक का क्या महत्व है?
A. The title of the poem is significant because it suggests that the poem is about the speaker’s personal reflections and memories. | कविता का शीर्षक महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह सुझाव देता है कि कविता वक्ता के व्यक्तिगत प्रतिबिंबों और यादों के बारे में है।
Q. What is the significance of the poem’s setting? | कविता की सेटिंग का क्या महत्व है?
A. The poem’s setting is significant because it suggests that the speaker is in a quiet and reflective mood
Short Answer Questions
1. What is the speaker’s mood in the first 12 lines of the poem? कविता की पहली 12 पंक्तियों में वक्ता का मूड क्या है?
A. The speaker’s mood in the first 12 lines of the poem is melancholic and reflective. He is grieving over his past failures and losses, and he feels a sense of deep sadness and regret.
पहली 12 पंक्तियों में वक्ता का मूड उदासी और चिंतनशील है। वह अपनी पिछली विफलताओं और नुकसानों पर शोक कर रहा है, और उसे गहरी उदासी और अफसोस की भावना महसूस होती है।
2. What is the significance of the speaker’s friend in the poem? | कविता में वक्ता के मित्र का क्या महत्व है?
A. The speaker’s friend is a symbol of love, hope, and healing. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even in the midst of his darkest sorrows, he is not alone, and that there is still light and hope in the world.
कविता में वक्ता का मित्र प्रेम, आशा और उपचार का प्रतीक है। वक्ता का मित्र उसे याद दिलाता है कि उसके सबसे गहरे दुखों के बीच भी, वह अकेला नहीं है, और दुनिया में अभी भी प्रकाश और आशा है।
3. How does the speaker’s view of the world change in the last two lines of the poem? | कविता की अंतिम दो पंक्तियों में वक्ता का दुनिया के बारे में दृष्टिकोण कैसे बदल जाता है?
A. In the last two lines of the poem, the speaker’s view of the world changes from one of sadness and despair to one of hope and optimism. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even though he has experienced many losses in his life, he is still loved and cherished, and that there is still beauty and joy to be found in the world.
कविता की अंतिम दो पंक्तियों में, वक्ता का दुनिया के बारे में दृष्टिकोण उदासी और निराशा से आशा और आशावाद में बदल जाता है। वक्ता का मित्र उसे याद दिलाता है कि भले ही उसने अपने जीवन में कई नुकसानों का अनुभव किया हो, वह अभी भी प्यार और सम्मानित है, और दुनिया में अभी भी सुंदरता और खुशी पाई जा सकती है।
4. What is the poem’s message about the power of love? | कविता प्यार की शक्ति के बारे में क्या संदेश देती है?
A. The poem’s message about the power of love is that love is a powerful force that can help us overcome even the deepest sorrows. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even though he has experienced great loss in his life, he is still loved and cherished, and that love can give him the strength to heal and move on.
कविता प्यार की शक्ति के बारे में यह संदेश देती है कि प्यार एक शक्तिशाली ताकत है जो हमें सबसे गहरे दुखों को भी दूर करने में मदद कर सकती है। वक्ता का मित्र उसे याद दिलाता है कि भले ही उसने अपने जीवन में बड़ी क्षति का अनुभव किया हो, वह अभी भी प्यार और सम्मानित है, और प्यार उसे ठीक होने और आगे बढ़ने की ताकत दे सकता है।
Essay Type Questions
1. Analyze the poem’s use of language and imagery to convey the speaker’s mood and emotions.
A. The speaker of Sonnet 30 uses a variety of language and imagery to convey his mood and emotions. The poem’s first 12 lines are full of dark and somber language, such as “night,” “death,” “darkness,” “loss,” and “sorrow.” This language reflects the speaker’s deep sadness and despair as he grieves over his past losses.
The poem’s imagery is also dark and melancholic. The speaker compares his memories to “ghosts” and his grief to a “heavy burden.” These images suggest that the speaker’s past is haunting him and that he is struggling to cope with his grief.
However, the poem’s mood and tone change dramatically in the last two lines. The speaker’s mood lifts and his tone becomes hopeful as he thinks of his friend. The speaker uses the image of “light” to represent his friend’s love and support. This image suggests that the speaker’s friend is a source of hope and healing for him.
2. Discuss the significance of the speaker’s friend in the poem.
A. The speaker’s friend is a significant figure in the poem because he represents love, hope, and healing. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even in his deepest sorrows, he is not alone and that there is still light and hope in the world.
The speaker’s friend also helps him to see the beauty and value in his life, even though he has experienced great loss. The speaker’s friend reminds him that he is loved and cherished and that he is still capable of experiencing joy.
3. What does the poem reveal about the power of love?
A. Sonnet 30 reveals that love is a powerful force that can help us to overcome even the deepest sorrows. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even though he has experienced great loss in his life, he is still loved and cherished, and that love can give him the strength to heal and move on.
The speaker’s friend’s love also helps him to see the beauty and value in his life, even though he has experienced great loss. The speaker’s friend reminds him that he is still capable of experiencing joy.
4. How does the poem’s form and structure contribute to its meaning?
A. The poem’s Shakespearean sonnet form and structure contribute to its meaning in several ways. First, the sonnet form is a traditional form of love poetry, which suggests that the poem is about the speaker’s deep love for his friend. Second, the sonnet’s rhyme scheme and meter create a sense of order and balance, which reflects the speaker’s journey from despair to hope.
The poem’s 14 lines are divided into three quatrains and a couplet. The first three quatrains describe the speaker’s grief and despair. The couplet, however, provides a resolution to the poem, as the speaker finds hope and healing in the love of his friend.
5. What is the poem’s central message?
A. The central message of Sonnet 30 is that love is a powerful force that can help us overcome even the deepest sorrows. The speaker’s friend reminds him that even though he has experienced great loss in his life, he is still loved and cherished, and that love can give him the strength to heal and move on.
The poem also suggests that love can help us see the beauty and value in our lives, even though we may have experienced great loss. The speaker’s friend reminds him that he is still capable of experiencing joy.
Sonnet 30 is a beautiful and moving poem that celebrates the power of love to heal and transform us. The poem’s message is one of hope and resilience, and it reminds us that even in the darkest of times, we are not alone.
6. Analyze the use of literary devices in Sonnet 30.
A. Shakespeare uses a variety of literary devices in Sonnet 30, including metaphors, similes, personification, and hyperbole. These literary devices help to create a vivid and evocative image of the speaker’s grief and sorrow, as well as the power and healing power of love. For example, in line 5, the speaker says, “Then can I drown an eye, unused to flow.” This metaphor suggests that the speaker’s tears are so overwhelming that they are like a flood. In line 7, the speaker says, “And weep afresh love’s long-since-cancelled woe.” This personification suggests that love is a living thing that can feel pain and sorrow. And in line 14, the speaker says, “All losses are restored, and sorrows end.” This hyperbole suggests that the power of love is so great that it can erase all of the speaker’s pain and sorrow.
7. Examine the structure and rhyme scheme of Sonnet 30. How does the form of the sonnet contribute to the poem’s meaning?
A. Sonnet 30 follows the traditional Shakespearean sonnet structure with 14 lines and a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This structured form is used to create a sense of order and balance in the poem. The quatrains (four-line stanzas) allow the poet to present his sorrows and losses, building a sense of sadness and despair. The rhymed couplet at the end provides a resolution or contrast to the preceding quatrains, conveying the idea that the friend’s memory brings solace and relief. The form of the sonnet enhances the poem’s meaning by guiding the reader through the poet’s emotional journey.
